Jacket labels use terms like water-resistant, waterproof and windproof, and they are not interchangeable. Understanding them helps you avoid buying the wrong protection for your conditions.
Water-resistant fabrics shed light rain and snow for a short while, usually thanks to a coating called a durable water repellent. They are fine for flurries and brief showers but will eventually soak through in sustained wet weather.
Waterproof jackets use a membrane or coating plus sealed seams to keep water out, even in heavy rain. The trade-off is breathability, so look for designs with underarm vents or a membrane that lets vapor escape.
Windproof describes how well a fabric blocks air. Wind strips heat from your body quickly, so a windproof outer can feel dramatically warmer than a similar jacket that lets air through. For the coldest days, wind protection often matters more than extra insulation.
